Saline-alkali soils are particularly ecologically fragile. They generally form following desertification, which destroys natural resources and causes heavy losses to agriculture production. Daqing, a city in the northern province of Heilongjiang, is renowned for its vast oil reserves. Exploitation of these reserves has led to soil contamination by petroleum-derived products, and this is becoming serious ecological problem in this city. Saline-alkali soil is another factor that contributes to rendering most of its agricultural land unusable. In recent years, bioremediation, especially microbial remediation, has been a global focus of research. It is more effective, safer, and more environmentally friendly than other remediation strategies, such as chemical or physical methods. The rhizosphere-the layer of soil influenced by plant roots-is much richer in microbial diversity than the surrounding bulk soil. Exploring the diversity of plant rhizosphere microbial communities in Saline-alkali soils can therefore provide a scientific basis for vegetation restoration and ecological reconstruction in this region. This study focused on plant rhizosphere microbial communities in Saline-alkali soils in the Daqing region. Using Biolog EcoPlate methods, denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) analysis, and subsequent DNA sequencing, we investigated the structural and functional diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities associated with nine plant species in Daqing Saline-alkali soils. The structure of the rhizosphere microbial community associated with each plant species was analyzed by DGGE. Plants in the same family tended to have similar rhizosphere microbial community compositions. Rhizosphere bacteria were dominated by Proteobacteria andAcidobacteria,based on the analysis of 16S rRNA. Pairwise rhizosphere population genetic distances between plant species were calculated using Quantity One software (Bio-Rad Laboratories). In combination with clustering analysis based on the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean, it was confirmed that rhizosphere microbial communities reflect relationships among the plant species tested. Biolog EcoPlate was used to investigate the functional diversity of rhizosphere microbial communities. This method is more sensitive to changes in the environment than the other methods such as phospholipid fatty-acid analysis. Changes in functional diversity patterns can be statistically analyzed via principle component analysis of average well color development data. The capacity of rhizobacteria to metabolize carbon sources was higher in communities associated with wild soybean than in other plant species tested. The data also suggest that rhizobacteria from different plant species have distinct carbon metabolism characteristics. While there are limitations in the methods used in this study, they nevertheless provided useful information. Metagenomics-the study of genetic material recovered directly from environmental samples-is becoming increasingly popular as a research tool. It provides a powerful lens for viewing the microbial world that has the potential to revolutionize the understanding of the entire living world. The results of this study offer advanced insights in the field of microbial ecology and provide a theoretical basis for future practical applications.