Biochar made from crops straw is widely used as a great soil ameliorant that improves soil properties, protects soil environment, and enhances wheat growth. In this study, a potted wheat experiment was conducted to study the effects of corn straw and corn straw biochar on wheat nutrient uptake and utilization, yield, and enzyme activities in brown soil. Six treatments were set up with three replications as follows: control (CK), biochar (B), straw (S), urea (U), Urea+biochar (UB), and Urea+straw (US). In this study, the biochar was made from corn straw at 500 ℃ under anaerobic conditions. The results demonstrated that compared with the treatments of CK and S, the yield of B treatment was significantly increased by 99.4% and 77.7%, and the amount of accumulated N, phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in the wheat aboveground biomass significantly increased by 94.1%-140.9%, 55.4%-66.3%, and 53.1%-72.6%, respectively. However, application of N fertilizer significantly increased the yield of UB and US treatments by 8.2%-8.8% and the amount of accumulated N, P, and K in wheat aboveground biomass increased by 14.3%-27.8%, 19.6%-30.9%, and 24.4%-40.9%, respectively, compared with the treatment of U. The efficiency of N use in treatments of UB and US increased by 21.4%-41.7% compared with the treatment of U; however, the enhancement of N use efficiency was higher in US than in UB. Biochar application significantly increased the content of organic carbon (C), NH₄⁺-N, NO₃^--N, and available K in soil. Only does soil NO₃^--N content have significantly increased in straw incorporation. In the mature stage of wheat, the organic C content in the soil under the treatments of B and UB increased by 34.9%-54.2% in comparison with other treatments without biochar application. Meanwhile, there was no significant difference in soil organic C content under the treatment with straw. In this stage, NH₄⁺-N content in soil of UB treatment was also increased by 10.9%-23.5%, which was higher than in other treatments. From heading stage to maize stage, compared with the treatments of US and U, NO₃^--N content of UB treatment increased by 30.9%-85.3% and 67.5%-126.7%, respectively. From seedling stage to mature stage, the available K content in soil of UB treatment increased by 23.3%-86.0% in comparison with US treatment. Nevertheless, there was no pronounced effect of biochar and straw on the available P content in soil. Moreover, straw incorporation significantly improved soil dehydrogenase, catalase, urease, and neutral phosphatase activities. Biochar application significantly enhanced soil dehydrogenase and urease activities, but it inhibited soil catalase and neutral phosphatase activities. The positive correlation between soil urease and organic C and inorganic N indicated that soil enzymes reflected the soil fertility level. In conclusion, a long term in-situ study is of great importance to investigate the long-term effects of straw incorporation and biochar on soil properties and yield of crops.