To reveal the N:P stoichiometry of foliar and soil in Koelreuteria paniculata forests, the N and P concentrations and their stoichiometry features were investigated in 3-, 5- and 9-year-old stands in Xiangtan Manganese Mine wasteland, a typical degraded ecosystem in southern China.The results showed that soil N concentrations increased with the aged stands, but soil P concentrations exhibited an opposite trend. The N、P concentrations and N:P ratios were significantly different in leaves in the studied forests. The N and P concentrations in leaves decreased with the aged stands, while the N:P ratios increased. Leaf N concentration was positively correlated with N:P ratios, while P concentration was negatively correlated with N:P ratios. There was a significant positive correlation between the soil N concentration and the leaf N:P ratios and a strongly negative correlation between the soil P concentration and the leaf N:P ratios. Our results indicated that P was probably the limiting factor controlling the process of plant growth in Xiangtan Manganese Mine wasteland. The results provided scientific references for vegetation restoration, management and sustainable development in the abandoned mine lands.