Abstract:Ecosystem services are benefits humans derive from natural ecosystems, which include provisioning services, regulating services, supporting services and cultural services. However, ecosystem services are undergoing degradation with the population growth and economic development. Moreover the increase of ecosystem provisioning services usually is at the expense of the other services, especially the regulating services. One of the great challenges faced by the decision-makers was that how to tradeoff the multiple ecosystem services through the informed management. We map seven ecosystem services (agricultural production, biodiversity conservation, water conservation, soil retention, carbon sequestration, water provisioning and pollination) in Baiyangdian watershed and analyze their tradeoffs based on the scenario analysis by using InVEST models, which enable decision-makers to assess the tradeoffs associated with alternative choices and to identify areas where investment in natural capital can enhance human development and conservation in terrestrial, freshwater, and marine ecosystems. The results showed that the western and northern areas provided higher services in biodiversity conservation, carbon sequestration, soil retention and water conservation than other areas, while the eastern and southern area provided higher services in N/P retention and pollination in Baiyangdian watershed. Under sloping land conservation scenario, N/P retention services increase greatly, however agricultural production decreases and carbon sequestration service is lower than that under conservation scenario. Under conservation scenario, the services in water provisioning, N/P retention and carbon sequestration increase with no impact on agricultural production. Our research presents an initially analytical framework for integrating direct benefits and ecosystem regulating services in policy design. InVEST models provide an effective approaches to map and tradeoff ecosystem service bundle, and then provide informed management for decision-makers.