The study chose Aeolian sandy soils under four typical vegetations in the Bandeng Beach of Dingbian County in Northern Shaanxi as its subjects and assayed their fundamental nutrients. And by analyzing nutrient content characters in different soil layers under the different vegetations depending on its measurement results of the soil nutrients, it probed into the nutrient patterns in different soil layers underneath the different vegetations as well as the correlations among the nutrient in the different soil layers under the different vegetations so as to provide scientific basis for restoring soil ecologies of sandy lands and rehabilitating and conserving eroded soils. Its results indicated: (1) the capacities of the soils underneath the different vegetations to retain organic matter, total nitrogen, available nitrogen and available phosphorus all ranked in the order of Kobresia pygmaea > Leymus chinensis > Artemisia desterorum Spreng > Sophora alopecuroides L > no vegetation coverage. The capacities of the soils under the different vegetations to retain phosphorus did not significantly differ, but the soil phosphorus content under Kobresia pygmaea was the highest and the soil phosphorus content under Leymus chinensis was the lowes, even lower than that without any vegetation coverage. In light of the capacities of the soils under the different vegetations to retain total potassium the potassium total under Leymus chinensis was the highest, the potassium total under Kobresia pygmaea was the lowest. (2) Under the different vegetations, except for the phosphorous and potassium totals in the different soil layers, which slightly differed, the soil organic matter contents, nitrogen totals, available nitrogen and phosphorus, and potassium contents in the different soil layers gradually decreased as the soil layers went deeper and the rates of their decreases ranked in the order of Kobresia pygmaea > Leymus chinensis > Artemisia desterorum Spreng > Sophora alopecuroides L > no vegetation covering. (3) the nutrients in the different soil layers under Leymus chinensis appeared most closely correlated, moderately at least or significantly positively, the nutrients in the different soil layers under Artemisia desterorum Spreng and Sophora alopecuroide appeared slightly weakly correlated, approximately moderately positively, and the correlation coefficients among the nutrients in the different soil layers under Kobresia pygmaea appeared mixed, positively or negatively correlated.