Plant architecture is defined as spatial arrangement of plant body such as the branching pattern, the shape and position of leaves and flower organs. The architecture of a plant depends on the nature and relative arrangement of each of its part; it is, at any given time, the expression of equilibrium between endogenous growth processes and exogenous constraints exerted by the environment. Desert plants architecture is a final product of plant-environment interaction, mutual adaption, thus the interaction and feedback among them would determine the development and succession of desert plant. Natural Haloxylon ammodendron and natural Haloxylon persicum are native dominant species in Zhungar Basin, which also are regarded as the important wind-preventing and sand-fixing plants. Because natural H. ammodendron and natural H. persicum are the characteristic of tolerant to dry, infertile soil, and wind-erosion, both as the ideal desertification combating species have played important roles in the maintenance of stability of fragile desert ecosystem. Therefore, natural H. ammodendron, natural H. persicum and artificial planting H. ammodendron were selected as the objects of study in Zhungar Basin. In order to understand the function and structure characteristics of desert plant and the response and adaptation mechanisms of plant-environment, the plant architecture characteristics (the bifurcation ratio, the branch angle, the branch length, the ratio of branch diameter, and so on) of natural H. ammodendron, natural H. persicum and artificial planting H. ammodendron were studied. The results showed that the over bifurcation ratio and the stepwise bifurcation ratio (SRB_1:2、SRB_2:3) were significant differences in natural H. ammodendron, natural H. persicum and artificial planting H. ammodendron (P<0.05), and the over bifurcation ratio of natural H. ammodendron, natural H. persicum and artificial planting H. ammodendron were 0.35±0.23, 0.50±0.42 and 0.15±0.05, respectively. However, the branch angle of natural H. ammodendron, natural H. persicum and artificial planting H. ammodendron gradually decreased from first class to fourth class, the angles were less than 90°, and no remarkable difference among them were found (P<0.05). The order of the branch length of natural H. ammodendron, natural H. persicum and artificial planting H. ammodendron were natural H. persicum > natural H. ammodendron > artificial planting H. ammodendron from first class to fourth class. The average ratio of branch diameter of natural H. ammodendron, natural H. persicum and artificial planting H. ammodendron were 0.66, 0.68 and 0.69, respectively, and ratio of branch diameter of artificial planting H. ammodendron was bigger than natural habitat H. ammodendron and H. persicum. As a whole, the architecture of natural habitat H. ammodendron and H. persicum performed a different width "V" type, but artificial planting H. ammodendron was spheroid-ellipse. Therefore the understanding of the desert plant architecture, spatial distribution pattern and micromorphology would contribute to further recognize the ecological adaption mechanism for the desert plants, which will favor desert plant community ecology theory and provide theoretic reference for choosing optimum plant species in desertification combating.