In an alpine snowbed on the eastern Tibetan Plateau, three portions were established along the snowmelt gradient. Environmental factors, individual growth and reproduction of Pedicularis davidii var. pentodon were measured and compared among the portions. It was found that snow-free period, soil water content and daily range of diurnal soil surface temperature were significantly different among the three portions, whereas soil nutrients and pH did not change significantly. Height, leaves per stem, area per leaf and specific leaf area increased significantly from early- to late-melting portion. From early- to late-melting portion, aboveground and total biomass increased, while belowground biomass and the ratio of below- to aboveground biomass decreased. Number of flowers, seeds per flower and 1000-seed weight increased in the lower and middle section of an inflorescence, whereas they almost kept constant in the upper section of an inflorescence. As for the whole inflorescence, these reproductive parameters increased from early- to late-melting portion. Individual growth and reproduction of Pedicularis davidii var. pentodon were mainly affected by freeze-thaw alternation.