Based on the pollen and spores analysis results of thirty-five surface samples and vegetation investigation of seven sampling fields which are distributed latitudinally along the southern subtropical zone of Yunnan Province, the percentage and concentration of typical pollen and spores types as well as the common R values were calculated, and the factors influencing R values were analyzed. Meanwhile the coefficients of similarity between plant communities and sample fields were studied. Results show that the production of pollen and spores are rich with relatively high production of fern spores in southern subtropics of Yunnan, which has typical subtropical characteristics and distinct vertical differentiations. The surface woody and herbage pollen can basically represent the plant components of the region, while the fern spores are super-representative. The coefficients of similarity between plant communities and sample fields are mostly over 70%, which shows that the surface assemblages can reflect the plant community features. The conclusion believes that there′s a good corresponding relationship between surface pollen and spores and local vegetation, which has great significance for restoring past vegetation and reconstructing paleoclimate quantitatively using fossil pollen and spores data of the region.