Island ecosystem, as a relatively independent ecosystem having very little or even no communication with the mainland ecosystem, is difficult to recover after being destroyed, so ecological risk assessment is very important in island protection and management. In general, ecological risk assessments mainly focus on two kinds of risks, one induced by natural disasters and the other one caused by human exploitation activity. In this paper, aiming at the risk induced by human exploitation activity and using remote sensing method, we analyzed the relationship between island landscape pattern and island exploitation risk level, and introduced the threatening index and intensity index as the basic risk assessment indexes. Furthermore, an island exploitation risk assessment model based on the landscape pattern is constructed. At last, using the constructed model, we assessed the exploitation value-at-risks of some islands in Bohai Sea, including Daheishan Island, Xiaoheishan Island, Beichangshan Island, Nanchangshan Island, and Miao Island, on the basis of the 5m-resolution SPOT image on 5th April, 2005. The assessment results are consistent with the in-situ survey data. Compared with general ecological risk assessment models, the remote sensing data-based island exploitation risk assessment model constructed in this paper greatly reduces the necessity of in-situ survey data.