The bamboo Fargesia nitida, one of the Giant Panda’s main food sources and dominant shrub species of the forest understory, is mainly distributed in the dark coniferous belt (at altitudes of 2450m to 3200m) in western Sichuan and southern Gansu in China. To study the impacts of different forest canopy conditions on subalpine dwarf bamboo populations, ramet population structures of clonal Fargesia nitida were surveyed in: forest understory(FU), moderate gap(MG), large gap(LG) and forest edge wilderness(FEW). In order to reveal whether these four canopy conditions affect the ramet structures and to estimate the effect sizes, a field census of Fargesia nitida populations’ age structure, morphological traits(culm height, basal diameter and leaf area) and biomass allocation was conducted in an Abies faxoniana forest situated in Wolong Nature Reserve in western Sichuan, China. The main results showed that: (1) At the ramet level,the performance structures of the four populations were significantly different(one-way ANOVA, p<0.01)，and as the canopy cover decreased the mean height, basal diameter and biomass of the populations increased in the order of FU<MG<LG; (2) The modular biomass proportions of ramets varied with different canopy conditions and leaf biomass proportion was positively related to canopy cover except for FEW, in which the biomass proportions of rhizome and roots were both higher than those in the other three canopy environments; (3) The ramet specific leaf mass increased in parallel with the decrease of canopy cover (one-way ANOVA, p<0.05) of the four different populations. In the MG, the individual leaf biomass was the heaviest and individual leaf area the largest, followed by those in the FEW. Both the individual leaf biomass and leaf area were respectively different from those in the FU or LG(one-way ANOVA, p<0.05). Leaf number per ramet in the LG was the biggest and was significantly different among the four different canopy conditions(one-way ANOVA, p<0.01); (4) The ramet population mortality was the lowest in the FU (Chi-square test, p<0.01), while there was no significant difference in the average population age (Mann-Whitney test, p>0.05). All the results indicated that it was not ramet age, but the morphological changes and biomass distribution that exhibited the response of the ramet population of Fargesia nitida to changed canopy conditions.