Land use patterns affect the organic carbon distribution of soil aggregates and the carbon cycle process. In this study, a 50 years-old (R50) and a 17 years-old (R17) Robinia pseudoacacia plantations, a natural restoration forest (NR), and a cropland (CL) in the south Taihang hilly area were studied. Soil aggregates size distribution was determined by the wet-sieving method, and the organic carbon contribution and stability indexes of soil aggregates were calculated. The results showed that land use patterns had significant impact on the particle size distribution and organic carbon content of soil aggregates. The content of large aggregate (>0.25 mm) in the natural restoration forest and Robinia pseudoacacia plantations was larger than that in the cropland. The increasing of large aggregate (> 0.25 mm) content in the natural restoration forest was more significant. The calculated mean weight diameter (MWD) was in the order of NR>Robinia pseudoacacia plantations>CL. It indicates that the natural restoration forest in the studied region is easier to form large aggregates than other land uses due to few manual disturbances. In 0-10 cm layer, the organic carbon content of soil aggregates with different diameters at three forests was larger than that of cropland. Moreover, the organic carbon content of various aggregates was positively related with the stability of aggregates. These results shows that the conversion of cropland to plantations is capable of improving soil carbon sequestration capacity in the studied region, and the organic carbon is stored mainly in the large soil aggregates. In the cropland, however, most of the organic carbon is stored in the silt and clay of soil. The natural restoration forest and Robinia pseudoacacia plantations both are the effective land use patterns for improving soil structure and soil quality.