Land pavement is popular during urbanization. It provides convenience to the daily life of citizens and urban development. However, it can inhibit urban plant growth by altering soil nutrients and microbial communities. Plants can purify the air as pollutants movers and alleviate the heat island effect by offering shade. Thus, it is vital to provide favorable growth conditions for plants. Consequently, it is very important to determine how land pavement affects soil microbial community structure and function as related to plant growth. In the current study, pervious (P) and impervious (IP) pavement were studied in reference to the natural surface (control, C) to determine the response of soil microorganisms under different types of pavement with pine (Pinus tabulaeformis) and ash (Fraxinus chinensis). Topsoil (0-20 cm depth) was analyzed by the well-developed methods of Biolog Ecoplate (BIOLOG) and phospholipid fatty acid (PLFA) profiles for microbial functional and structural diversity. Microbial biomass carbon (C_mic) and nitrogen (N_mic) were also examined. The results showed the following. (1) Compared to C, P and IP treatments decreased soil C_mic and N_mic and significantly changed soil microbial carbon source utilization patterns and soil microbial community structure by increasing F/B (fungi/bacteria), cy/pre (cyclopropyl fatty acid/monoenoic precursors), and sat/mono(normal saturated fatty acid/monounsaturated fatty acid). It is interesting that unlike fungi/bacteria and sat/mono, cy/pre under the IP treatment was significantly higher than that from the P treatment, with more stress in the former than the later. Moreover, IP treatment reduced soil microbial utilization of carbohydrates, amino acids, carboxylic acids, amines, and polymers. IP treatment also significantly decreased microbial community richness and diversity index by 27% and 10% for pine, and 70% and 37% for ash, respectively. (2) The effects of land pavement on soil microbial community structure and functional diversity differed with tree species. For pine, soil microbial fungi, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and F/B were significantly reduced under P (40%) and IP (39%), whereas for ash they were significantly decreased by 38% only under P. Additionally, there were differences in the effects of land pavement on carbohydrates, amino acids, and polymers of soil microorganisms between pine and ash species. Pavement effects on soil microorganisms adversely affect nutrient cycling, tree habitat, and ecosystem service of urban green space at a large scale, and the present study provides some advice to the decision-makers during urban greening and development.