This paper presents an analysis of the Grain for Green Program in Wolong Nature Reserve with Participatory Rural Appraisal.Pertinent data were collected through a questionnaire survey to local households because they are the main stakeholder group of the program.The questionnaire survey covers local peoples attitudes and perceptions to the Program,their cropland holding and the Programs economic impact and compensation.Three critical issues are found that may influence the sustainability of the Program.The first issue is concerned with the Programs close relationships with local peoples sustenance.Due to poor growing conditions,local peoples grain consumption greatly relies on supplies from outside the reserve.After implementation of the Program,local peoples main income and food product from the agricultural field decreased dramatically due to reduced cropland holding.Furthermore,no alternative measures were implemented to increase local peoples income or production of foodstuff.This loss of income and self-sufficiency of the local people threatens the sustainability of the Program.The second issue is that employment opportunities are insufficient and prospective income from the reforested land is uncertain.So local peoples economic prospects through the Program are undermined.Finally,according to the theory and practice of ecological restoration,it is hard for the Program to achieve sustainability to give the same compensation period and amount at a national scale.The Programs compensation needs to be adjusted to adapt to local features and achieve its ecological goals effectively.In the study area,the Program needs to incorporate local biodiversity conservation and nature reserve management so as to exert its ecological benefit adequately.